Kiln.



' L. W. McARTHUR.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED MAY l. 1916.

1 1 99,0 1 6. Patented Sept. 19, 1916.

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:l-vA 'Il l 3 l :I 5B D i F1151@ gk i 5 s m mllallalluau Para Ah'oxucy NTED STATE PATENT FFQE,

LACHLAN W. MCARTIEIUR, OF MNTREAL, WEST, QUEBEC, CANADA., ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF, AND PERCIVAL S. JIeKERGOl/V, OF MGNTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA.

KILN.

Application led May 1, 1916.

T 0 ZZ whomy t may concern Be it known that l, LncnLAN VALLACE lvlonnrimn, ot the town of Montreal, Vest, Province oi Quebec, Dominion of Canada, manufacturer, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates particularly to opentop kilns and has for its object to provide a comparatively simple, easily and cheaply constructed open-top kiln adapted to operate with an rip-draft.

More specifically stated, the invention consists ot a kiln having an open top, that isl to say, with no roof whatsoever to the kiln chamber which has a series of chimneys along each side wall, the communication vbetween the flue of each chimney and the kiln chamber being effected by a plurality of horizontal l'lues converging to the chimney flue; while the `floor is provided with a series of preferably regularly spaced tortuous lues eiiiecting communication between the kiln chamber and heat generators located beneath the floor.

For full comprehension, however, of my invention, reference must be had from the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification in which similar reference characters t indicate the same parts, and wherein:

Figure l is a side elevation of a two chamber kiln partly in vertical sectional view. the section being taken on line 1 l Fig. :4, erectedV according to my invention; Fig. 2 is a part plan and part horizontal sectional view thereof, the section being taken online 2 2 Fig. 3; Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken on line 3 3 Fig. l; Fig.' el is a fragmentary sectional view taken on line il -l Fig. 5; and Fig. 5 is a fragmentary side elevation of one of the side walls illustrating the arrangement of the flues therein. .L

ln erecting my improved kiln the ground upon which it is to' stand is excavated in a series ot parallel furnace rchambers Z) dis-,

posed in alined pairs, separated by the unexcavated portion c forming a wall, the op'- posite ends of the excavation being open. These open ends are excavated to a greater depthA to provide the furnace chamber proper e, this furnace chamber being lined as usual withV refractory material and the Specii'cation of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept., i9, i916.

Serial No. 94,854.

surface or" the higher level floor f is also covered with refractory material while the inner ends of the excavations presented by the division wall c are inclined upwardly toward each other. Side walls 7c and end walls m are erected in line with and above the open ends ot these excavations thus forming an oblong chamber inclosed on four sides. Theexcavations are covered by grids consisting ot two layers, the first layer being slal j) resting at their ends on the opposite edges of the linings' of the excavations and spaced slightly from the side walls and from one another, the upper layer consisting of similar slabs rprovided with corner feet; and these upper slabs being arranged over the spaces between the lower slabs thus with these lower slabs presenting a multiplicity of tortuous lues. rllhe grids thus produced extend from the division wall c to 'the side walls. Each furnace chamber may be provided-with a grate suitable for burning coal, and pipes (not shown) `for liquid `fuel or gas. lllhen coal is to be burned the pipes o are removed.

The chimney iues 3 extend downwardly through the chimneys to a short distance below the top or' the side walls where they communicate with the interior of the kiln by horizontal Vfines l divided into series and each series converging into one ot the chimney rines. ln order to accommodate lines of suliicient capacity each flue has a comparatively shallow mouth 5 in the interior face of the chamber and the flue turns at substantially right angles in the direction of its particular chimney line and is decreased in width and Y increases in depth outwardly from the interior 'face of the wall to a portion 7 of the flue which leads tothe chimney `flue. These flue portions Z are each equal in measurement in a. direction from the interior tothe exterior of the wall, to one-third the corresponding measurement ot the chimney flue andof suicient depth to have each series of four wall dues substanti'ally equal in capacity to the chimney flue. This arrangement ot' flues distributes the draft uniformly over the entire length of the chamber. .A

I nd that the eliiciency of my improved kiln is increased by extending the length and dividing it by a division wall l0 into a pair of kilns as shown in Figs. l and 2. Y

The kiln is intended primarily for the burning of brick and in order to dry out the moisture, or a portion of it, from the green brick they are usually placed in a drier which utilizes the waste heat from the burning operation in the kiln. lffith this object in View the division wall l0 is made with a pair of internal dues 12 and l2 respectively communicating with the chambers through flues high up on the division wall or slightly below the level of the flues jin underground flue 20 leads from beneath one end of the division wall and also beneath the flue l2, in the wall to the drying chamber not shown, and these division wall tlues communicate with the underground liue by fines 28 and 30 each controlled by a damper 31, the operating rod of which, 32, extends upwardly through the top of the wall. Theusual car track 60 and cars (not shown) are provided for charging and discharging the kiln.

Each furnace is provided with a door and dampers by which the lire or burning action therein can be regulated to suit .the requirements. of the kiln.

' is shown in F ig. 3. The bricks are built up to the top of the walls and consequently a short distance above the top or flues 4t, the two top layers being set tight or platted.

hen the heating is started either by building a nre on the grates or burning oil or gas in the furnace chambers, the hot gas arises from the furnace chambers through the tortuous ues in the grids and upwardly through the interstices between the brick and is drawn toward the sides and ends of the kiln by the suction of the chimneys and through the wall flues t; the effect being that the heat is distributed throughout the entire chamber, and the burning and inflammable gases drawn by the independent flues l into the chimney flues 3 are diused there through and flow thence under the inuence of the draft in the chimneys to the open air which they reach in a practically` perfectly burned condition. This distribution of the hot gases uniformly throughout the entire chamber is induced by the compara-V tively widely spaced inner ends of the outwardly converging flues 4.

Perfectl control of the tained without disturbing the bricks within the chamber by the dampers in the furnace doors and chimneys;

the comparatively large number of heat burning is obthe platting of` generators and chimneys permitting of 'such a distribution of heat through the kiln that the flow of burning gases is admitted throughout the entire area of the bottom of the burning chamber and the suction causes a constant flow upwardly between the bricks. lf it is found that the burning operation is not being carri-ed on uniformly and that too little or too great heat is occurring at any particular point, this particular point, wherever it may be in the kiln, can be readily reached and regulated by the heat generator and chimney controlling the Zone in which it is located.

llilhen the burning operation in a kiln is nished and the dampers 3l controlling the communication with that kiln are opened, the other dampers being closed, the lire is drawn or the oil or gas shut off, the

furnace doors are kept closed and a suction fan in the drying chamber is then started. The effect is that practically all the heat in the burning chamber is drawn off and utilized in the drier.`

The advantage of this kiln is that when in operation the heat is conserved to a maximum extent and the two or three top courses of bricks set tight, which is known to the trade as platting, the chimneys and tlues through the medium of the combustion chambers provide all the draft necessary to procure good and speedy burning with an open and 11p-draft kiln, and a degree of perfaction is obtained which could not be realized heretofore without the enormously eX- pensive down-draft type of closed kiln. And it is not necessary, as heretofore, with opentop kilns, for the burner to repeatedly go on the top of the kiln to remove and replace bricks required to'control the draft and burning operations.

Considerable advantage is derived from the grids, in that the lower course of bricks are not subject to the initial heat of the burning gases which are deflected by the tortuous paths in the grids, thus breaking up the burning jets of gas and scattering the heat in all directions from each of the upper slabs. rlhis prevents fusing of the lower courses.

find that with this particular arrangement of drafts from the heat generators at the sides through the multiplicity of tortuous flues in the floor, through the flues in and near the tops of the walls to the chimneys, the heat has a desiredtendency to iow to the center of the kiln, thereby enabling the capacity of the chimneys and wall :tlues to govern this tendency and cause a uniform distribution of the heat throughout the entire kiln.

`What claim. is as follows:

l. ln a kiln for burning brick comprising side walls and end walls inclosing a kiln chamber with open top, a series of heat genthe generators through the chamber to the top thereof, said means consisting of chimneys forming integral upward extensions of the side walls and Corners of the kiln Chamber and having draft flues extending downwardly therefrom to a point a short distance below the level Of the top of the walls, and llues in said walls divided into series, eaoh series of flues being nested in the wall and converging into one of the Chimneys.

ln a kiln for burning brick Comprising side walls and end walls inclosing a kiln chamber with Open top, a vseries Of heat 'generators supplying gases at a high temperature to the bottom of the Chamber, the combination with the Chamber thus Constructed, of means for causing an upward draft from the generators through the Chamber to the top thereof, said means consisting of chimneys forming integral upward eX- tensions of the side walls and Corners of the kiln chamber and having draft flues extending downwardly therefrom to a point a short distance below the level of the top of the walls, and flues in said walls divided into series, each series of flues being nested in the wall and converging into one of the chimneys, each of the said wall flues having a wide and relatively shallow mouth in the interior side of the wall decreasing in width and increasing in depth from the mouth to a iue section parallel to the face of the wall and leading :o the chimney flue,

3. An open-top 11p-draft kiln for burning brick consisting of a structure comprising side walls and end walls presenting a kiln chamber, the side walls being provided with a plurality of chimney flues, a plurality Of series of horizontal flues in the said side walls near their upper' ends and divided into a plurality of series and each series Converging into one of the said chimney flues, the chimney flues and horizontal lues being Constructed and arranged to produce an Outward draft from the kiln chamber to the Chimneys.

In testimony whereof l have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two witnesses:

LACHLAN WV. MOARTHUR.

lVitnesses GORDON G. COOKE, VILLIAM HnwE'rsON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. i 

